CRIMINAL JUSTICE JOURNALISTS
PANEL AT THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY
MARRIOTT MARQUIS HOTEL, ATLANTA
FRIDAY, NOV. 16, 2007
Criminologists And The News Media: Improving Communication
Of Research
Chair: Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
Jeremy Travis (John Jay College of Criminal Justice)
Tom Blomberg (Florida State University)
Bill Rankin (Atlanta Journal - Constitution)
Heather Vogell (Atlanta Journal - Constitution)
PANEL AT SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS CONVENTION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
HYATT REGENCY HOTEL, 400 NEW JERSEY AVE., N.W.
2:15 - 3:15 p.m., Thursday, October 4, 2007
Getting Inside: Crime Beat Investigations
Location: Congressional B, Lobby Level
Description: If you work the cops and courts beat or youre
looking for great investigative ideas, this session is for you.
Gaining access to information for these stories can sometimes
be tough, but youll find help here. A team of crime reporting
and access experts will share story ideas and strategies to more
effectively cover crime and criminal justice stories.
Speakers: Jeanne Meserve, correspondent, CNN; Allison Klein, The
Washington Post; Laura Sullivan, crime and punishment correspondent,
NPR; Ted Gest, president, Criminal Justice Journalists
PANELS AT INVESTIGATIVE REPORTERS & EDITORS CONVENTION
THE BILTMORE HOTEL, PHOENIX
THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 2007
11:20 a.m.-12:20 p.m.
Behind prison walls: Covering restorative justice and other
inmate rehab
Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists (moderator)
Amanda Crawford, The Arizona Republic
Gary Fields, The Wall Street Journal
Dora Schriro, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections
2:30-3:30 p.m.
Police use of force-guns, tasers, and fists
Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists (moderator)
Crystal Adams, University of North Texas
Robert Anglen, The Arizona Republic
Gayle Reaves, Fort Worth Weekly
Seth Rosenfeld, San Francisco Chronicle
3:40-4:40 p.m.
Recruiting today's cops - Who are we getting?
Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists (moderator)
Scott Decker, Arizona State University
Tammy Leitner, KPHO-Phoenix
Tony Lopez, Phoenix Police Department
Judi Villa, The Arizona Republic
CRIMINAL JUSTICE JOURNALISTS PANELS AT
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE CONVENTION
BOSTON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2006
"Today's Police: Who Are They, Do They Stop Crime, Who Pays
for Them?"
Dean Esserman, Chief of Police Providence, R.I.
James Alan Fox, criminologist, Northeastern University
Maria Cramer, Boston Globe crime reporter
moderator: Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
"Covering Police In An Age of Terrorism" (with the
IACP Public Information Officers Section)
Marea Mannion, Pennsylvania State University
Donovan Slack, Boston Globe
Tanya Eiserer, Dallas Morning News
moderator: Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
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CJJ PROGRAMS HELD AT THE INVESTIGATIVE
REPORTERS AND EDITORS CONVENTION,
FT. WORTH, TX., JUNE 2006. .
INVESTIGATING PRISONS, Thursday, June 15, 11:40 a.m.-12:50
p.m.
Moderator: Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
Michele Deitch, University of Texas
Dan Malone, Fort Worth Weekly
Mike Ward, Austin American-Statesman
POLICING THE POLICE - Thursday, June 15, 2:30 p.m.-3:40
p.m.
Moderator, Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
Tanya Eiserer, Dallas Morning News
Susan Sward, San Francisco Chronicle
Roger Goldman, St. Louis University School of Law
JUDGING JURIES -- Friday, June 16, 4:00-5:10 p.m.
Moderator, Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
Steve McGonigle, Dallas Morning News
Mark Curriden, Vinson & Elkins/Criminal Justice Journalists
Mary Rose, University of Texas at Austin School of Law
Criminal Justice Journalists programs
at the International Association of Chiefs of Police Convention
Miami Beach Convention Center
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 25
Have Gun, Will Travel: Pulling the Licenses of Gypsy Cops,
2-3 p.m. Room A 110-111
Prof. Roger Goldman, Saint Louis University School of Law
Ron Menchaca, Charleston (S.C.) Post and Courier
Raymond Franklin, Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional
Services; International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement
Standards and Training (IADLEST)
Wanda DeMarzo, Miami Herald
Improving the Coverage of Crime Victims, 3-4 p.m. Room
D 128
Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
Anne Seymour, Justice Solutions
Chief N. Frank Winters, Clayton, N.J., chairman, IACP Victim Services
Committee
Sgt. Scott Shoemaker, Domestic Violence/Victim Assistance, Palm
Beach County Sheriff's Office, W. Palm Beach, Fl.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
Freedom of Criminal Justice Information in the Homeland Security
Age 8:30-9:30 a.m. Room C 224
Dana Williams, South Florida Sun-Sentinel
Mike Kirsch, WFOR-TV, Miami
Michael Grabell, Dallas Morning News
Department of Homeland Security representative
Miami Chief John Timoney Meets The Media Noon-1 p.m. Room
A 209
Chief John Timoney, Miami, Fl.
Susannah Nesmith, Miami Herald
Journalists Discuss Crime Coverage 3-4 p.m. Room B
113
Tanya Eiserer, Dallas Morning News
Ruben Rosario, St. Paul Pioneer Press
Caroline Lowe, WCCO-TV, Minneapolis
Reception for CJJ attendees 5 p.m.
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27
Media Coverage of Sex Offenders Noon-1 p.m. Room D
241
James Gabbard, Police Chief, Vero Beach, Fl.
Carey Codd, WFOR-TV, Miami
Dana Williams, South Florida Sun-Sentinel
Jason Grotto, Miami Herald
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Criminal Justice Journalists panels at the Investigative Reporters
& Editors convention
Grand Hyatt Hotel -- Denver, Colorado
June 2, 2005
11:50 a.m.-1 p.m.
Crime victims: The stats and stories
- Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
- Bonnie Bucqueroux, Michigan State University
- Krista Flannigan, Finegan Flannigan & Associates
- Kevin Vaughan, Rocky Mountain News
2:30-3:40 p.m.
Wrongful convictions and crime lab troubles
- Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
- Roma Khanna, Houston Chronicle
- Barry Mahoney, Justice Management Institute
- Maurice Possley, Chicago Tribune
- Steve Weinberg, Missouri School of Journalism
3:55-5:05 p.m.
Using freedom of information laws in criminal justice issues
- Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists
- Jeff Kass, Rocky Mountain News
- Bill Wallace, San Francisco Chronicle
- Steven Zansberg, Faegre & Benson LLP
John Jay College of Criminal Justice has become the principal
sponsor of Crime & Justice News, a daily news digest published
by Criminal Justice Journalists, the national organization of
journalists covering the field.
Crime & Justice News posts on the Internet and sends by
e-mail free to subscribers daily summaries of important news stories
in crime and justice nationwide. The service emphasizes significant
trends in law enforcement, courts, and punishment policy. Available
at http://cjj.mn-8.net, CJN was started in April 2003 with a grant
from the Butler Family Fund in Washington, D.C. Additional support
was received from the Wadsworth Publishing Co., a leading criminal
justice publisher. The Web site is managed by MN-8 Systems, which
also operates the Web site of the Police Executive Research Forum.
The Web site includes a searchable archive of more than 5,300
news items.
Support from John Jay College will enable Crime & Justice
News to develop more original material that will be useful both
to journalists and to criminal-justice practitioners. "We
plan to cover research from academic and government experts that
has the potential of improving media coverage and criminal justice
policy making," said Ted Gest, president of Criminal Justice
Journalists and editor of CJN.
"We're pleased to be forging a new relationship with the
Crime & Justice News Web site, which reaches an important
audience of journalists who help shape the debate on issues of
critical concern to those of us involved in the study of law enforcement
policies and public safety," said John Jay College's President
Jeremy Travis. "Ted Gest is bringing crime reporters together
on the Internet for the first time and John Jay wants to be part
of that discussion."
Gest formerly covered criminal justice issues for U.S. News &
World Report and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Criminal Justice
Journalists operates other programs, including an Internet discussion
list for journalists and educational forums at national meetings
of criminologists and police chiefs. CJJ is based in Washington,
D.C., and affiliated with the Jerry Lee Center of Criminology
of the University of Pennsylvania.
Travis was appointed in August of last year to lead John Jay.
He had served during the Clinton administration as the director
of the National Institute of Justice, the research arm of the
U.S. Department of Justice. An advisor to former New York City
Mayor Edward I. Koch, Travis also served as Deputy Commissioner
for Legal Matters for the New York City Police Department. Before
joining John Jay, Travis was a Senior Fellow at the Urban Institute.
He is the author of the forthcoming book, "But They All Come
Back" (Urban Institute Press), a critical look at the failure
of the criminal justice system and the nation to adequately address
issues related to the release of more than 600,000 prisoners who
are returned to our communities each year with little or no support.
John Jay College, part of The City University of New York, has
an enrollment of more than 14,000 undergraduate and graduate students
from 135 nations and 338 full-time faculty members. John Jay is
a liberal arts college dedicated to education, research, and service
in the fields of criminal justice, fire science, and related areas
of public safety, security management and public service.
Crime & Justice News is available by e-mail to those who
sign up on its Web site.
CJJ's 2004 MEETINGS WITH POLICE CHIEFS, CRIMINOLOGISTS
Criminal Justice Journalists held panel discussions at the International
Association of Chiefs of Police on November 15, 2004 and the American
Society of Criminology on November 17-18, 2004.
The news media are faring reasonably well in the "brave
new world" of reporting on terrorism, says John Miller, former
ABC News correspondent who is now heading Los Angeles Police Chief
William Bratton's counterterrorism unit. Miller and two law enforcement
officials, Matthew McLaughlin of the FBI and Dennis Murphy of
the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, spoke to Criminal Justice
Journalists on Nov. 15, 2004 at the International Association
of Chiefs of Police convention in Los Angeles.
McLaughlin and Murphy said that federal officials realize that
news outlets need to report immediately on terror incidents. "No
longer does 'no comment' work," McLaughlin said. He recalled
that when an El Al ticket agent was shot at Los Angeles International
Airport in 2002, the FBI refused to say anything for three hours,
and television broadcasts were full of speculation about the case
that proved erroneous. "That was our fault," he said.
"Something has to be said. If there are problems, generally
it's our fault if we aren't providing information."
The Homeland Security Department is working closely with representatives
of major print and broadcast media with the aim of getting information
out on a terror episode within an hour of its occurrence, Murphy
said. The department also is working with the Radio-Television
News Directors Association to hold regional training sessions
for journalists on covering terrorism. Miller said that the Los
Angeles Police Department has held day-long training sessions
for local media, too. One subject is how dangerous it might be
for journalists to be exposed to toxic substances that terrorists
might use. Most media are reporting "responsibly," Murphy
said, although "a few will jump out and embarrass themselves"
[with incorrect information].
Many news organizations have reported over the last few years
on bulletins that the Homeland Security Department and FBI issue
to the thousands of local law enforcement agencies on terrorist
threats. At first, some officials in Washington were surprised
that these bulletins promptly. Now, says Murphy, federal agencies
realize that "it will get out, no matter how highly classified"
it is, so the bulletins are routinely provided to the media as
they are sent out nationwide.
The lineup of speakers at CJJ panels at the police chiefs meeting:
TURNING CRIME STORIES INTO BOOKS (November 15)
Andrew Blankstein, Los Angeles Times, moderator
Miles Corwin, former Los Angeles Times reporter, author of "Killing
Season," about Los Angeles homicide detectives
Joe Domanick, author of "Cruel Justice," about California's
"three strikes and you're out" law
Denise Hamilton, former Los Angeles Times reporter, author of
"Last Lullaby" and other crime novels
ARE THE MEDIA READY TO COVER DOMESTIC TERRORISM? (November
15)
Greg Krikorian, Los Angeles Times, moderator
John Miller, Los Angeles Police Department counterterrorism unit
and former ABC News correspondent
Matthew McLaughlin, FBI
Dennis Murphy, Director of Communications for Border and Transportation
Security, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
WHEN THE MEDIA ARE UNFAIR (with Public Information Officer
Section of IACP)
Ed Buice, News Director, WUSY-FM, Chattanooga, Tn.
Ty Kim, KNBC-TV
HOW TO INTERPRET CRIME STATISTICS AND EVALUATE YOUR POLICE
DEPARTMENT
November 17 at the Freedom Forum, Nashville
Jim Lynch, The American University
John Eck, University of Cincinnati
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JOURNALISTS, CRIMINOLOGISTS AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
November 18 at the Renaissance Nashville Hotel
Dr. Bruce Levy, Medical Examiner, State of Tennessee
Mike Bottoms, District Attorney General, Lawrenceburg, TN
CRIME POLICY AFTER THE ELECTION
Novembere 18 at the Renaissance Nashville Hotel
12:30 - 2 p.m. Thursday, November 18
Ted Gest, Criminal Justice Journalists, moderator
Alfred Blumstein, Carnegie Mellon University
Thom Feucht, National Institute of Justice
Laurie Robinson, University of Pennsylvania
Charles Wellford, University of Maryland
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CJJ PANELS AT IRE CONVENTION IN ATLANTA, JUNE 17, 2004
Criminal Justice Journalists co-sponsored three panel discussions
on the first day of the four-day Investigative Reporters &
Editors annual meeting, June 17, 2004, in Atlanta..
Subjects included
How to Cover the Federal Justice System
(U.S. District Judge Richard W. Story, federal prosecutor
Sally Quillian Yates, defense attorney Donald F. Samuel; David
Burnam, TRAC; Bill Rankin, Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
Prisons and Sentencing--How Budget-Strapped States are Coping
(Stephen Bright, Adam Gelb, Carla Crowder, Birmingham News;
Jenifer Warren, Los Angeles Times)
DNA--Getting the Facts on the Science and the Law
(Christopher Asplen, Richard Willing, USA Today; Anna Werner
and David Raziq, KHOU-TV)
Audio tapes are available at $10 each from Sound Images Inc.
Visit the Web site www.soundimages.net and click on Associations,
then Investigative Reporters & Editors, for details. Panel
numbers for tape-ordering purposes are IRE04-018 (federal justice
system), IRE04-023 (prisons and sentencing), and IRE04-028 (DNA)
CJJ PROGRAMS IN PHILADELPHIA FOR POLICE, COURT REPORTERS OCT.
23-25, 2003
A report by Criminal Justice Journalists treasurer Ruben Rosario,
St. Paul Pioneer-Press, on panels sponsored by CJJ, the
Pennsylvania Newspaper Association, and the National Center for
Courts and Media of the National Judicial College, in Philadelphia,
fall 2003
Thursday, October 23, 2003 at the Philadelphia Inquirer
Court Records/Prospects for Online Access
David Price and Daryl Walker, staff attorneys, Pennsylvania court
system
Teri Henning, Pennsylvania Newspaper Association
Terrie Morgan-Besecker, Wilkes-Barre Times Leader
Access to courts is governed by a presumption of openness, more
so in criminal court, said Henning. That presumption applies to
pre-trial proceedings and documents, which should be available
for inspection and copying at a reasonable fee. Redacted information
on such documents may include the names of minors and victims
of a sexual crime. Other available documents include arrest and
search warrants, and affidavits of probable cause. A reporter
can challenge the sealing of warrants. Civil discovery documents,
such as depositions, are presumed non-public.
Juvenile records are also non-public, unless the offender is 14
and older and charged with a serious violent felony such as murder,
kidnapping, rape, etc. In a 2002 case, the Pennsylvania Superior
Court held that the presumption of openness applies to juvenile
dependency proceedings. See In the Interest of M.B., 819 A. 2d
59 (Pa.Super. 2002). Although the court ultimately upheld the
closure in that case, in a subsequent unreported decision, the
Superior Court reversed a lower court's closure and required the
court to hold a hearing prior to closing the juvenile proceeding.
Those seeking closure of such proceedings shoulder the burden
of convincing the judge.
Police incident reports are public; however, supplementals, where
much of the narrative and detail exists on a case, are not public,
Henning explained. Accident reports are also not public.
Walker and Price discussed the threat of wide online access to
the historic protection that "practical obscurity" has
provided most court files, which can include Social Security numbers
and other sensitive personal information. Having such information
now posted online after business hours and available to potentially
millions of readers could expose people to the fast growing crime
of identity theft. That specter could lead to the restriction
of certain data online that might still be available on paper
at the courthouse. Currently, online information is generally
limited to case docket numbers and basic litigant information.
Price said some benefits for online access include 24/7 availability
to a wider public audience, greater government accountability,
and more effective use of limited court manpower resources. Walker
pointed out another problem: case expungement. If a person's criminal
record or offense is expunged after it has been available online,
"the cat's already out of the bag."
Morgan-Besecker likes the federal court's PACER system, which
provides online access to case docket information, and in some
cases, actual files that are made available through ECF imaging.
But the lack of online information in most cases forces her to
drive on occasion 20 miles to a courthouse to obtain what little
information there might be about a case.
Useful links:
pacer.psc.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/links.pl (note: no www)
www.courtaccess.org
www.rcfp.org/courtaccess/index.html
Restorative Justice and Specialized Courts
Louis Presenza, President Judge, Philadelphia Municipal Court
A 47-year old graduate of a local treatment program
Brenda Morrison, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, University of
Pennsylvania and Australian National University
Morrison explained restorative justice, an umbrella term describing
a mostly indigenous process of atonement, accountability and victim
empowerment. The concepts, are borrowed from Maori traditions,
Native American community circles, and other cultural practices,
"It's about restoration and reintegration," said Morrison.
New Zealand's juvenile court system adopted restorative justice
principles as a mainstream process after a 1989 report found a
significant drop in juvenile recidivism rates.
Presenza said the nation's first drug court was established in
Florida 14 years ago. One of its main supporters was Janet Reno,
who as a local prosecutor saw it as more effective than imprisonment
in treating non-violent drug offenders with substance abuse problems.
Pennsylvania' first drug court began in Philadelphia in 1997.
Now there are about 1,000 drug courts across the nation and in
12 foreign countries. One of the largest and most innovative is
located in Minneapolis.
Presenza reeled off facts about the strong connection between
substance abuse and crimes such as drunk driving, rapes, domestic
violence, and assaults. In 1996, Philadelphia's First Judicial
District reported 43,799 criminal filings, with about 8,064 drug-related.
By 2002, drug-related crimes accounted for more than 20,000 or
one-third of the roughly 60,000 criminal filings in 2002.
The long and short term medical costs of substance abuse costs
Americans $133 billion annually, according to the National Institute
of Drug Abuse. Presenza, a strong proponent of the drug court
system, believes such courts are cost effective and also give
offenders a realistic second shot that lowers recidivism rates.
In order to buy into the drug court concept, '' you need judicial
leadership and a prosecutor who has a lot of guts, courage and
conviction,'' Presenza said. "It does take a team effort."
The three main goals of drug court are:
1. Break the cycle of criminal or delinquent behavior
2. Protect society through quality treatment
3. Provide an alternative to incarceration
Presenza added that because clients come with multiple social
issues in addition to the drug problem, the drug court setting
provides a better way to address homelessness, unemployment, and
other obstacles. "You have to deal with all these issues
if you want to make them whole," he said.
A woman whose case Presenza handled gave a riveting account of
how a law-abiding, productive member of society can hit rock bottom
and plunge into a pit of despair and desperation that leads to
criminal behavior. The woman, whose name was not given, grew up
in a Christian home and after college went to work as a medical
secretary for a local pharmaceutical company. A single mom, she
began hanging out with hard-partying co-workers. Soon, she gained
a crack cocaine habit and lost her job. Fifteen years later, she
found herself running a crack house and pushing the same poison
she told her own daughter to stay way from. "I no longer
cared about my daughter," she said. "I didn't care about
eating, sleeping, bathing." She asked God for help in her
rock-bottom moment. He answered with a phalanx of cops raiding
the crack house and busting her for felony drug sale and possession,
a crime that even for a first-time offender could expose her to
several years in prison. "God did answer my prayer,"
she said of her arrest.
She appeared before Presenza and swore she would change. He pulled
out a license plate from Missouri, his native state, and said:
"Show Me." Instead of jail, she underwent a 90-day intensive
treatment program, followed by months of supervision and job and
housing support. "Recovery is not just about getting off
drugs,'' she said. "'Recovery is about change." She
has been sober two years, gainfully employed, and making a stable
home.
"I'm happy, joyous and free," she said. Presenza noted
that in Philadelphia, the average cost of treatment is $2,600
a year. The average cost of locking an offender in a city jail
is $27,375. "These courts do work, and work well," he
said.
Covering Criminal Courts and the Justice Process
Frederica Massiah-Jackson, President Judge, First Judicial District,
Philadelphia
Tom Ferrick, Jr., Philadelphia Inquirer
Massiah-Jackson stressed that the courts are moving to forge
a better relationship with the local media, but under canons of
judicial ethics, judges are prohibited from commenting on ongoing
cases. The Philadelphia court system does not have a public information
officer, which makes her office the de facto contact for reporters
and the referral center for judges responding to media inquiries.
Pennsylvania prohibits cameras in the courtroom, a policy Massiah-Jackson
supports.
Ferrick, a veteran columnist, pointed out that the news media
usually concentrate on a tiny percentage of cases that are handled
by the court system annually. He advocates more reporting on the
majority of cases, which are usually drug-related and are adjudicated
through guilty pleas or plea bargains. (Massiah-Jackson said that
17,000 cases each year are handled in a program in which defendants
waive jury trials.) Ferrick noted that the adoption of New York
City's vaunted COMSTAT police accountability system and quality
of life arrest philosophy dramatically increased the number of
court cases, leading to a 50 percent dismissal rate by overwhelmed
judges already dealing with annual caseload surges. It reminds
him of the "I love Lucy" episode where Lucy and Fred's
wife are working at a factory and are comically trying to grapple
with a rapidly speeding candy assembly line belt that quickly
overwhelms them.
Covering Judicial Elections
Lynn Marks, Pennsylvanians for Modern Courts
Tom Ferrick, Jr., Philadelphia Inquirer
There was concern about the potential impact of last year's Supreme
Court decision on judicial speech--which said judicial candidates
could voice their opinions on issues--will have on future elections.
Marks disputed the stereotype that such elections are boring and
therefore not worthy of news media coverage. She noted that there
are stories to dig up about the individuals or entities contributing
to judicial campaigns; often they are fronts for either partisan
political groups or special interest citizen groups.
Marks said her organization supports restrictions on what a judicial
candidate can say or discuss during a campaign. "It could
cut into impartiality," she said. "A judge is supposed
to decide cases on the facts of laws and not on the campaign trails."
Marks acknowledged that a substantial portion of campaign contributions
come from lawyers and other legal special interest groups that
often come before the courts.
The loosening of restrictions, she believes, is giving rise to
campaigns that have as much the potential for mud slinging and
attack ads as regular political races. "The tone and conduct
of judicial elections are growing worse," she says. When
covering such campaigns, she advises, reporters should keep an
eye on whether party politics is playing a role.
Ferrick also has concerns about the Supreme Court ruling, but
he believes that although Americans may say they would likely
vote in judicial elections, that does not necessarily mean they
will actually vote when Election Day comes around. He doubts that
judges will comment on inside baseball legal issues such as tort
and libel reform, and degenerate into rhetoric "I'll be tough
on crime" sound bites to win votes.
Marks and Ferrick agreed that when it comes to judicial elections,
surnames rule.
In many cases, having the right last name can swing the election,
depending on the ethnic-demographic makeup of the dominant voting
bloc. "In many cases, if you are running for judge, you should
consider changing your name,'' Ferrick says. "Right now,
we don't have the tools to determine whether someone would make
a good judge or not."
Friday, October 24, 2003, at the International Association of
Chiefs of Police convention, Pennsylvania Convention Center
Crime Trends and Police Departments
Craig McCoy, Philadelphia Inquirer
John Timoney, Police Chief, Miami; former Police Commissioner,
Philadelphia
McCoy outlined the contributions of Timoney as Philadelphia's
top cop. They included the introduction of COMSTAT to police the
city more effectively, and more openness between police and the
media than in previous administrations. McCoy said the environment
before Timoney's reign was "hostile." Timoney allowed
outside women's advocate groups, with some conditions, to review
rape and sex assault files in the wake of a police numbers-cooking
scandal that was discovered and investigated by the Inquirer.
The unprecedented practice continues: the reviews are conducted
monthly and the reviewers have the buy-in to make suggestions,
or even ask police to reinvestigate cases.
McCoy called the city's computer mapping of crimes and its willingness
to share reports with the news media and the public a "goldmine"
for stories. He noted that San Diego posts its online crime reports
in "real time," one of the few police agencies offering
that service to the public.
Timoney spoke about his accomplishments in more detail, responded
to the Inquirer series on the police stats controversy and opined
on news-police relations. "We had a PIO in New York by the
name of Ray O'Donnell," said Timoney, who was a veteran New
York Police Department commander before his Philly gig. O'Donnell
said reporters generally desired a "bad story about a cop
and a good story about a fireman -- that's what sells papers."
Timoney is a strong proponent of openness between news media
and cops at every level of the force. He blames some myopic police
agencies for not doing enough to cultivate a positive public image
through the media. "They are going to get the bad stories
anyway," he said. "But there are an awful lot of good
stories. The mentality is that 'we don't like them, we don't trust
them-- you shut them out.' "
In the early 1980s, NYPD police brass underwent guerrilla-style
training on media culture, nomenclature, managing a public relations
crisis, and speaking in front of microphones and TV cameras. In
Philly, Timoney found a public confidence of the police that was
so shaken and so low that "we were going to need the press
to get it going." He established a more professional PIO
section. A new policy allowed cops, from the beat patrolman to
district commander, to speak to the news media, as long as they
did not comment or release details that could compromise an active
investigation or make policy pronouncements that should come from
headquarters. Reporters and the public were allowed to attend
weekly COMSTAT meetings, where district commanders are held accountable
about crime patterns, trends and problem-solving efforts under
their jurisdiction. "That policy remains in effect today,"
Timoney said. "The operational philosophy was to work with
the press."
On the enforcement side, Timoney placed more of a focus on investigating
drug-related shootings, rationalizing that one incident may be
connected to a series of others because of the warring-retaliation
nature endemic to the street drug trade. The effort led to the
arrests of survivors, primarily for their own protection. He recalled
one case in which a shooting victim was let go from a hospital
at 4 a.m. and by eight he was back in a body bag, apparently by
the same rivals who had shot him earlier.
When Timoney became commissioner in 1998, the Inquirer was already
in the midst of writing a string of exposes on police report discrepancies.
Timoney suspected the paper was right, but did not agree that
the cooking of numbers, which made the city appear safer than
it really was, was intentional. He blamed more lack of training,
shoddy record keeping, and improper crime coding. Most of the
problem rested with the way sex crimes were being reported and
logged on reports. "I think they (Inquirer) saw evil at every
step of the way," he said. "I saw incompetence, improperly
conducted investigations. Some of the people put there were incompetent
in one or two cases, and I'm being kind." Reforms included
specially trained detectives, and bringing in outsiders, including
criminologists, to improve reporting standards, as well as the
monthly reviews. "They took what was a national disgrace,
and turned it into a national model," Timoney said.
Timoney noted the lessons learned from a notorious serial rapist
case that led to the revamping of the city police's DNA crime
lab, as well as narrowing DNA testing mostly to stranger-rape
cases. He described the Inquirer series as "pretty fair coverage,"
but had personal peeves about how some of the news media go about
their work. He emphasized that quotes must not only be accurate,
but in context, as should not be used as an independent clause
to fit into a certain angle or story theme.
He mentioned that some columnists bend the truth. "He's
entitled to his own opinions, but he is not entitled to his own
facts." Timony has no problem "shutting down" bad
reporters who get things wrong, or approaching news managers and
editors and pointing out inaccuracies or seeking redress. He intimated
that police departments are harmed long term by not allowing the
news media to talk to cops directly involved in investigations
or events. "It's great for them, for their families and in
the end for the department," he said.
How Philadelphia Tracks Crime
Charles Brennan, deputy commissioner. Philadelphia Police Department
Brennan provided a demonstration on the uses of COMSTAT and crime
map overlays.
He has concerns about the reliability of the FBI's Uniform Crime
Reports, and pointed out the lack or resources that most local
and state law enforcement agencies face in trying to take advantage
of federal crime databases such as the National Crime Information
Center and others. He noted faults with the Crime Information
Services Advisory Board, which sets access policy. He says the
35-member board decides what cops see across the country. Members
come from mostly small police agencies; Philadelphia is the largest
represented on the board. Small town police chiefs decide "what
cops in Los Angeles and New York can see," Brennan said.
He encouraged reporters to attend board meeting, which are open
and occur twice a year in different cities.
He believes the country should be moving toward biometric technology
in identifying suspects as well as airport travelers.
Lessons from Media Coverage of the Washington, D.C., Sniper
Case
Sari Horwitz, Washington Post
Angie Cannon, U.S. News & World Report
Lucille Baur, public information officer, Montgomery County, Md.,
Police Department
The sniper case was the largest manhunt in American history.
Police issued more than 1,300 credentials to reporters during
the event.
On the year's anniversary of the sniper suspects' capture, Horwitz
and Cannon spoke about writing books on the case that sought to
chronicle what went on behind he scenes. Both reporters were spared
daily assignments to write the books.
Horwitz said her book, written with Michael Ruane, concentrated
mostly on two main investigators, but also involved scores of
interviews with dozens of members of various law enforcement agencies
that played key roles in the case. By sending letters to many
of the investigators, she and Ruane were able to present a more
complete picture of the case, as well a better explain the world
of an investigator in an incident that became known internationally.
Some agencies did not cooperate or were unwilling to talk about
their roles. The result, she said, was that they "got shut
out of this chronicle of history."
Some lessons learned:
--the case highlighted the important role of the media and the
public. It was the media transmission of the suspect car's license
plate that led to the arrest an hour later at a roadside rest
stop by a driver who recalled the license plate numbers on the
news.
--make sure to use two sources on exclusive information. Using
one source burned a Washington Post reporter, even though it was
a highly reliable source.
--the importance of beat reporting. Horwitz emphasized the great
need to use cop, courts and suburban reporters on assignment,
rather then relying on a team of investigative reporters who won't
be as well plugged in to law enforcement.
--the need to not interfere and allow investigators to do their
jobs. Many times, reporters beat cops to the homes of victims'
family members and other potential witnesses to shootings. More
often than not, she said, reporters allowed cops to conduct interviews
before entering the homes or otherwise contacting the same people.
Cannon advised taking a step back while the media frenzy is going
on, and to scrutinize every tip or lead before going public. She
also noted that since many of the reporters also had families
in the killing zone, they appeared more sensitive to news items
and more tolerant and patient to allow the police manhunt to continue
without too much criticism.
Baur advised law enforcement that a case of such magnitude warrants
an expansion of public information personnel to handle the onslaught
from news media from around the world. She also stressed the importance
of police to keep the public informed of developments through
the media. "They have a right to know what's going on and
in many cases a need to know," she said. Baur recommends
that police agencies develop a plan on how to deal and interact
with the media before a crisis event occurs. She spoke with emotion
about the decision to have a statement read that it appeared the
sniper was targeting adults, and that children would be safe if
they went to school. A day after that statement was aired, the
sniper killed a 14-year old on his way to school. "We learned
that we could not guarantee everyone's safety, that no one was
off limits," she said.
Baur said the sniper case presented police a daily if not hourly
challenge in constantly weighing public safety versus the public's
right to know. She confirmed that investigators were communicating
with the sniper through coded words or phrases that were aired
without the media's advance knowledge. Baur pointed out that some
news media outlets, mostly on the TV side, went on the air with
wrong and, she suspected, made-up information. She recalled CNN
running a composite sketch of the sniper, even though police had
not made one. A TV camera crew secretly took photographs at a
police command post and assumed they were sketches of the gunman.
Despite the often "stressful situation, it was incumbent
upon the PIO team handling the sniper case to remain professional
and hand out information that was accurate, timely and consistent,"
she said. "Give out as much information as soon as possible
without impacting the investigation, she said.
Media And Public Access to Records (available on tape--see
details below)
Tony Hanson, KYW News Radio
William Colarulo, Inspector/public information officer Philadelphia
Police Department
Warren Carmichael, retired public information officer, Fairfax
County, Va., Police
Department
Hanson divided his description of police-media access relations
in Philadelphia as "Before Timoney and After Timoney."
Before Timoney became commissioner in 1998, "Public affairs
was a black hole," Hanson said. "No information on anything
good or bad. The philosophy was, don't tell." After Timoney,
Hanson said, there was more access to records and police meetings.
"I believe it has created more good will in the city,'' he
said. "People have become more familiar with the police and
how they work."
Colarulo echoed Hanson's assessment and said the mission of the
police's public information officer section is to "be as
transparent as possible to the public." He noted that the
monthly COMSTAT crime report meetings are open to the public.
"People who live in those neighborhoods have a right to be
there," he said.
Carmichael is wary of such an open door policy. He mentioned
that under current statutes or policies in Fairfax County, Va.,
officials have 5-7 days to respond to a request for information
release, "so nothing is going to be gained by filing"
a freedom of information act request. He subscribes to a policy
of "maximum discretion and minimum mandatory release."
Carmichael stresses the need for agencies to have a written protocol
to handle news media during a hostage/barricade crisis, which
raises concerns about the incident's perimeter concerns as well
as the prospect of helicopter traffic that not only makes it more
difficult for commanders on the ground to hear the suspect or
each other, but could compromise tactical positions if the air
shot is broadcast live.
Carmichael believes that tightening of information hospitals
can give out about a patient has the potential of hampering investigations.
In cases of a medical emergency that may have terrorist overtones,
Carmichael questions privacy issues that could delay investigators
in identifying suspects or terrorist acts as they are unfolding.
Colarulo said that a police chief, as well as commanders, set
the tone and the policy for how open or closed a department will
be in dealing with the news media or the public. Colarulo said
Philadelphia has 23 district commanders, and some are more open
than others in allowing reporters to talk to their charges about
news events.
News Media Coverage of Police Scandals (available on tape--see
details below)
Mark Fazlollah, Philadelphia Inquirer
Terry Ruggles, WCAU-TV, NBC 10
John Skinner, Chief of Police, Port St. Lucie, FL
Skinner began with a story of how his officers handled a domestic
assault complaint at the home of the city manager. The manager
was arrested a few days later, but Skinner was criticized for
an appearance of preferential treatment by telling the man over
the phone the night of the incident that he would be arrested
if he returned to the home.
Skinner said his intent was never to give the man a pass, but
the event reinforced his attitude toward the news media. "Be
upfront, take your lumps," Skinner said. "If something
happens, it happened. Florida is a very open state and as a result,
it makes me a better chief in the end."
Ruggles was blunt about the number one motivator of the TV news
business: money. The average news spot is 90 seconds, with an
in-depth report perhaps 20 or 30 seconds longer. News directors
demand more pieces, sacrificing quality for quantity.
Fazlollah summarized the Inquirer series of reports on the way
Philadelphia cops were reporting certain crimes, particularly
sexual assaults. "There were wild disparities in the reporting
of crimes," he said. "(Police) hid about 300 rapes a
year, making the city look a lot safer than it was." He suggested
reporters scrutinize and put in context any police statistic that
comes their way. He explained the unreliability of the FBI's Uniform
Crime Report. For example, if one incident involves a murder and
a rape, it will be counted in the UCR as a murder, and the rape
vanishes. He also pointed out that "big cities tend to report
things differently than do small towns." He called for better
and more uniform reporting by police departments across the country.
Skinner acknowledged the crime reporting problems, and suggested
reporters challenge police executives about them. "Give me
the challenge because it will make me a better executive,"
he said. "We do get complacent. And some cops will code the
crime off. Cops unfortunately take short cuts."
Skinner stressed the need for police executives to step in front
of the notepads and the microphones during high profile incidents
or controversies. "It is incumbent to be the front man on
major issues," he said. "Putting the public information
officer in there is cowardice on issues of public trust. Sometimes,
chiefs lose sight of the job they were hired to do." The
chief added that the COMSTAT concept makes for more effective
departments and also make commanders more accountable. But at
the same time, it can create too much pressure and could prompt
some executives to "cook" the numbers. He pointed out
that COMPSTAT does not count unreported crime. "'It's impossible
to get an accurate account on crime,'' he said.
The last two discussions are available on tape.
#174--access to records (one tape or 1 audio CD)
#177--media coverage of law enforcement (one tape or 2 audio
CDs)
Order from National Audio Video, Inc. 4465 Washington St.,
Denver, Col. 80216,
phone 1-800-373-2952 (9-5 MST), email to orders@nav-nnn.com
Price: $11 per tape, $16 per audio CD session, plus $2 shipping
********************************************************************************************
CJJ LAUNCHES CRIME AND JUSTICE NEWS
A new daily news service on crime and justice issues was started
by Criminal Justice Journalists
on April 15, 2003. Supported by a grant from the Butler Family
Fund, CJJ is summarizing up
to a dozen stories from around the nation every weekday, providing
direct links to original sources.
The aim is to inform journalists, criminal justice practitioners,
and the general public of the
most signifcant news of the day. The emphasis is on how criminal
justice agencies deal with
policy issues, including police manpower, court dockets, and effective
corrections programs.
The news service also reports on significant personnel changes
and on individual cases that
have an impact on the justice system and on public opinion.
Crime and Justice News will appear each day by late morning at
http://cjj.mn-8.net,
a Web site operated by the Mn-8 Corporation, which also manages
the Web site
of the Police Executive Research Forum. A free e-mail version
of the daily report may
be obtained by messaging cjn@cjj.mn-8.net, with the word "subscribe"
in the subject line.
Comments and story ideas should be submitted to Ted Gest, tgest@sas.upenn.edu
_________________________________________________________________________
CJJ ISSUES GUIDE FOR JOURNALISTS ON COVERING CRIME AND JUSTICE
Criminal Justice Journalists has issued the first installment
of a guide
for journalists on covering crime and justice issues. The guide,
funded by a
grant from the Ford Foundation, covers basic issues in covering
the police
beat, drugs, juvenile crime, crime victims, racial and ethnic
issues in criminal
justice, and ethics in covering criminal justice.
Future installments will cover other important issues, including
courts, the
prosecution process, corrections, guns, and capital punishment.
We urge all CCR list members to bookmark www.justicejournalism.org.crimeguide
The guide, which was posted in mid-April 2003, is housed on
the Web site of
the Institute for Justice and Journalism of the University of
Southern California's
Annenberg School for Communication.
CJJ SPONSORS CRIME PANELS AT IRE CONVENTION
Criminal Justice Journalists sponsored three panel discussions
at the Investigative
Reporters and Editors (IRE) annual convention in Washington this
June.
The panels covered
Doing a better job interpreting crime statistics -- panel
015
How to evaluate your local law enforcement agency -- panel
019
Judging judges: from campaigns to secrecy to operations --
panel 022
To order audiotapes or audio CDs, send $11 per audiotape or $16
per audio
CD, plus $1 shipping charge per audiotape/CD, to Sound Images,
Inc.,
7388 South Revere Parkway #806, Englewood, CO 80112. Use
the panel designation numbers given above.
Call 888-649-1118 for more information.
****************************************************************
JUVENILE CRIME CONFERENCE/MARCH 2003
A six-day conference for journalists on juvenile crime issues
was sponsored from
March 9-14, 2003, by the Casey Journalism Center on Children and
Families.
About 30 print and broadcast journalists were chosen to take part.
Nationally
recognized experts discussed why some youths become criminals
or victims;
the causes of juvenile delinquency; trends in adjudication, detention
and treatment;
building resiliency; the politics of juvenile crime and other
subjects. Ted Gest
of Criminal Justice Journalists helped set up the program.
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